The Full-Stack Privacy Ecosystem
Privacy as Infrastructure for User Protection and Institutional Adoption
Data snapshot: June 2026. Figures are preserved from the published report and are not live market data.
“Without privacy primitives, a public ledger is a surveillance instrument.”
▮ The numbers that matter
Executive Summary
Public ledgers expose balances, counterparties and transaction history by default. The report maps privacy infrastructure across L1s, Ethereum, L2s, application layers and Solana, then assesses how selective disclosure can protect users while allowing institutions, auditors and regulators to verify specific facts when required.
Key findings
- 01About 4.9 million ZEC, slightly less than 30% of supply, was held in shielded pools at publication.
- 02Railgun had processed more than $5 billion in shielded volume, while Arcium had processed more than 3.5 million transactions after its alpha launch.
- 03Selective disclosure offers a practical route to confidential onchain activity without removing auditability where proof is legally or operationally required.
Covered in the report
Inside
- 01The Rise of Digital Surveillance
- 02On Crypto and Privacy
- 03L1 Privacy: Monero & Zcash
- 04Privacy on Ethereum & L2 Privacy
- 05Cross-chain Privacy at the App Layer
- 06The Solana Privacy Ecosystem
Method and Data Boundary
Castle maps privacy systems by execution layer and technology, including ZK proofs, FHE, MPC and TEEs. The report combines protocol documentation, public dashboards, onchain usage data and interviews to compare privacy guarantees, composability, compliance controls and adoption.
- Published
- June 2026
- Data snapshot
- June 2026